Main points
*You use manner clauses to talk about how something is done.
*Manner clauses are introduced by conjunctions such as ‘as’, ‘as if’, ‘as though’, or ‘like’.
*A manner clause needs a main clause to make a complete sentence. The manner clause always comes after the main clause.
a) When you want to say how someone does something, or how something is done, you use ‘as’.
- He behaves as he does, because his father was really cruel to him.
- The brick are still made as they were in Roman times.
You often use ‘just’, ‘exactly’, or ‘precisely’ in front of ‘as’ for emphasis.
- It swims on the sea floor just as its ancestors did.
- I like the freedom to plan my day exactly as I want.
- Everything was going precisely as she had planned.
b) When you want to indicate that the information in the manner clause might not be true, or is definitely not true, you use ‘as if’ or ‘as though’.
- Almost as if she’d read his thought, she straightened her back and returned to her seat.
- Just act as though everything’s normal.
After ‘as if’ or ‘as though’, you often use a past tense even when you are talking about the present, to emphasize that the information in the manner clause is not true. In formal English, you use ‘were’ instead of ‘was’.
- You talk about him as if he were dead.
- It is Malcom’s 35th birthday, but he and his mother both behave as if he were 7.
c) You also use ‘the way (that)’, ‘in a way (that)’, or ‘in the way (that)’ to talk about how someone does something, or how something is done.
- I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to.
- They did it in a way that I had never seen before.
We make it move in the way that we want it to.
d) You can use ‘how’ in questions and reported questions to talk about the method used to do something, and sometimes to indicate your surprise that it was possible to do it.
- ‘How did he get in?’ – ‘He broke a window.’
- I wondered how he could afford a new car.
Sometimes, you can use ‘how’ to talk about the manner in which someone does something.
- I watched how he did, then tried to copy him.
- Tell me how he reacted when he saw you.
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Top Tips Abz Ingles: Part A - Part B
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See also:
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