Main points
*Nouns are followed by ‘-ing’ clauses that say what a person or thing is doing.
*Nouns are followed by ‘-ed’ clauses that show that a person or thing has been affected or caused by an action.
a) You can often give more information about a noun, or an indefinite pronoun such as ‘someone’ or ‘something’, by adding a clause beginning with an ‘-ing’ form, an ‘-ed’ form, or a ‘to’- infinitive.
- He gestured towards the box lying on the table.
- I think the idea suggested by Tim is the best one.
- She wanted someone to talk to.
b) You use an’-ing’ clause after a noun to say what someone or something is doing or was doing at a particular time.
- The young girl sitting opposite him was his daughter.
- Most of the people strolling in the park were teenagers.
c) You can also use an ‘-ing’ clause after a noun to say what a person or thing does generally, rather than at a particular time.
- Problems facing parents should be discussed.
- The men working there were not very friendly.
d) You often use an ‘-ing’ clause after a noun which is the object of a verb of perception, such as ‘see’, ‘hear’, or ‘feel’.
- Suddenly we saw Amy walking down the path.
- He heard a distance voice shouting.
- I could feel something touching my face and neck, something ice-cold.
e) You use an ‘-ed’ clause after a noun to show that someone or something has been affected or caused by an action.
- He was the new minister appointed by the President.
- The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
Remember that not all verbs have regular ‘-ed’ forms.
- A story written by a young girl won the competition.
- She was wearing a dress bough in Paris.
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Top Tips Abz Ingles: Part A - Part B
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