Main points
*Adverbials are usually adverbs, adverb phrases, or prepositional phrases.
*Adverbials of manner, place, and time are used to say how, where, or when something happens.
*Adverbials usually come after the verb, or after the object if there is one.
*The usual order of adverbials is manner, the place, then time.
a) An adverbial is often one word, and adverb.
- Sit there quietly, and listen to this music.
However, an adverbial can also be a group of words:
*an adverb phrase
- He did not play well enough to win.
*a prepositional phrase
- The children were playing in the park.
*a noun group, usually a time expression
- Come and see me next week.
b) You use an adverbial of manner to describe the way in which something happens or is done.
- They looked anxiously at each other.
- She listened with great patience as he told his story.
You use an adverbial of place to say where something happens.
- A plane flew overhead.
- No birds or animals come near the body.
You use an adverbial of time to say when something happens.
- She will be here soon.
- He was born on 4 April 1956.
c) You normally put adverbials of manner, place, and time after the main verb.
- She sang beautifully.
- The book was lying on the table.
- The car broke down yesterday.
If the verb has an object, you put the adverbial after the object.
- I did learn to play a few tunes very badly.
- Thomas made his decision immediately.
- He took the glasses to the kitchen.
If you are using more than one of these adverbials in a clause, the usual order is manner, then place, then time.
- They were sitting quite happily in the car. (manner, place)
- She spoke very well at the village hall last night. (manner, place, time)
d) You usually put adverbials of frequency, probability, and duration in front of the main verb.
- She occasionally comes to my house.
- You have very probably heard the news by now.
- They had already given me the money.
A few adverbs of degree also usually come in front of the main verb.
- She really enjoyed the party.
e) When you want to focus on an adverbial, you can do this by putting it in a different place in the clause:
*you can put an adverbial at the beginning of a clause, usually for emphasis.
- Slowly, he opened his eyes.
- In September I travelled to California.
- Next to the coffee machine stood a pile of cups.
Note that after adverbials of place, as in the last example, the verb can come in front of the subject.
*you can sometimes put adverbs and adverb phrases in front of the main verb for emphasis, but not prepositional phrases or noun groups.
- He deliberately chose it because it was cheap.
- I very much wanted to go with them.
*you can change the order of adverbials of manner, place, and time when you want to change the emphasis.
- They were sitting in the car quite happily. (place, manner)
- At the meeting last night, she spoke very well. (place, time, manner)
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Top Tips Abz Ingles: Part A - Part B
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