There Be - Presente Simple

There is – There are
(Present tense)

 

Aspectos básicos

Primero, lo primero… El verbo to be en el tiempo presente tiene tres formas (am, is, are) y estos funcionan como indicadores.

Tanto There is, como There are significan el verbo HABER, y se utilizan para hablar sobre la existencia de algo. Si bien es cierto, cada una está formada por dos palabras, éstas se traducen como una: HAY.

a) There is = Hay                                   b) There are= Hay.
* Hay 1 teléfono en mi bolsillo.                *Hay 7 alumnos debajo del puente.
* Hay un florero sobre la cama.               *Hay algunos juguetes en la caja.
* Hay una sombrilla en casa.                    *Hay muchos lápices en mi cartera.

Si ambos significan lo mismo, entonces ¿Qué los hace diferentes? Analicemos la siguiente imagen.

En la imagen se ve claramente que en primer lugar There is se va a usar para oraciones en forma singular, mientras que There are se usará para oraciones en forma plural.

There is - Indicadores

1. El artículo indefinido cumple un papel importante al ser el segundo indicador dentro de la oración en la forma singular. A/an significan ‘un’, ‘una’

*There is a book.                          *There is a computer.
(Hay un libro.)                               (Hay una computadora.)
*There is an umbrela.                   *There is an orange on the table.
(Hay una sombrilla.)                     (Hay una naranja sobre la mesa.)

2. Debes recordar que tu objeto o sujeto del que vas a hablar debe estar también en singular.

*There is a girl at home.              *There is an ice cream in the fridge.
*There is a cup of coffee.            *There is a mobile phone.

There are - Indicadores

1.En esta forma plural, tenemos 3 indicadores. Nuestro primer indicador serán los números a partir del 2:

*There are two pencils.               *There are nine trees.
*There are four houses.              *There are ten desks.

2. El segundo indicador que ahora tenemos es la partícula some. Some significa en este caso: ‘algunos(as)’ y se usa para enfatizar la cantidad de elementos a mencionar.

*There are some pencils.                           *There are some trees.
(Hay algunos lápices.)                                  (Hay algunos árboles.)
*There are some houses.                           *There are some desks.
(Hay algunas casas.)                                    (Hay algunos escritorios.)

3.  El tercer indicador nos va a mostrar abundancia al hablar de los elementos a mencionar, nos referimos a la partícula A lot of, que significa ‘muchos(as)’:

*There are a lot of pencils.                        *There are a lot of trees.
(Hay muchos lápices.)                                  (Hay muchos árboles.)
*There are a lot of houses.                        *There are a lot of desks.
(Hay muchas casas.)                                    (Hay muchos escritorios.)

 

FORMA NEGATIVA – SINGULAR

La forma negativa tiene la partícula not seguida del verbo to be, en este caso is. El complemento no varía, ni los indicadores.

FORMA NEGATIVA – PLURAL

La forma negativa tiene la partícula not seguida del verbo to be, en este caso luego de la forma are. El complemento no varía, pero sí los indicadores y aquí es donde aparece un nuevo indicador, y éste es la partícula ANY.

ANY es el equivalente de SOME para las frases interrogativas (algunos) pero en las oraciones negativas significa ‘ninguno(a)’. Ojo que para la forma negativa plural, ya no tendremos que usar ‘some’ ni ‘a lot of’.

Ejemplos:           There are not = There aren’t

*There are not any pencils.             *There aren’t any trees.
(No hay ningún lápiz.)                   (No hay ningún árbol.)
*There are not any houses.              *There aren’t any desks.
(No hay ninguna casa.)                  (No hay ningún escritorio.)

 

FORMA INTERROGATIVA – SINGULAR

Para formar oraciones interrogativas con There is, lo único que tenemos que hacer es invertir la posición del verbo to be, recuerda que también podemos conservar sus tres indicadores (one, a, an).

*Is there a book?                        *Is there a computer?
(¿Hay un libro?)                           (¿Hay una computadora?)
*Is there an umbrela?                  *Is there an orange on the table?.
(¿Hay una sombrilla?)                  (¿Hay una naranja sobre la mesa?)

 

FORMA INTERROGATIVA – PLURAL

Para formar oraciones interrogativas con There are, necesitamos hacer dos cosas. La primera es cambiar la posición del verbo to be (are), y la segunda es agregar el adverbio ANY seguida de there, recuerda que esta es una regla general, por lo que no podemos conservar sus tres indicadores (one, a, an) en singular ni plural (some, a lot of). Ojo que para la forma negativa plural, ya no tendremos que usar ‘some’ ni ‘a lot of’.

Ejemplos: 

* Are there any pencils?              *Are there any tres?
(¿Hay algún lápiz?)                        (¿Hay algún árbol?)
*Are there any houses?               *Are there any desks?
(¿Hay alguna casa?)                     (¿Hay algún escritorio?)

 

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Top Tips Grammar: Quantity 2

Main points

*You use ‘some’ to talk about a quantity or number without being precise.
*You use ‘any’ to talk about a quantity or number that may or may not exist.
*You use ‘another’, or ‘another’ and a number, to talk about additional people or things.
*You use ‘each’ and ‘every’ to talk about all the members of a group of people or things.

 

a) You use ‘some’ with uncount nouns and plural nouns to talk about a quantity of something or a number of people or things without being precise.

- I have left some food for you in the fridge.
- Some trains are running late.

You normally use ‘some’ in affirmative sentences.

- There’s some chocolate cake over there.
- I had some good ideas.

You use ‘some’ in questions when you expect the answer to be ‘yes’, for example in offer or request.

- Would you like some coffee?
- Could you give me some examples?

You can use ‘some’ with a singular noun when you do not know which person or thing is involved, or you think it does not matter.

- Some man phoned, but didn’t leave his number.
- Is there some problem?

 

b) You use ‘any’ in front of plural and uncount nouns to talk about a quantity of something that may or may not exist. You normally use ‘any’ in questions and negative sentences.

- Are there any jobs men can do but women can’t?
- It hasn’t made any difference.

You use ‘any’ with a singular noun to emphasize that it does not matter which person or thing is involved.

- Any container will do.

You can use ‘no’ with an affirmative verb instead of ‘not any’.

- There weren’t any tomatoes left.
- There were no tomatoes left.

You can also use ‘not’ and ‘any’, or ‘no’, with a comparative.

- Her house wasn’t any better than ours.
- Her house was no better than ours.

 

c) You use ‘another’ with singular nouns to talk about an additional person or thing.

- Could I have another cup of coffee?
- He opened another shop last month.

You can also use ‘another’ with a number and a plural noun to talk about more people or things.

- Another four years passed before we met again.
- I’ve got another three books to read.

You use ‘other’ with plural nouns and ‘the other’ with singular or plural nouns.

- I’ve got other things to think about.
- The other man has gone.
- The other European countries have beaten us.

 

d) You use ‘each’ or ‘every’ with a singular noun to talk about all the members of a group of people or things. You use ‘each’ when you are thinking about the members as individuals, and ‘every’ when you are making a general statement about all of them.

- Each country is subdivided into several districts.
- Each applicant has five choices.
- Every child would have milk every day.
- She spoke to every person at that party.

You can modify ‘every’ but not ‘each’.

- He spoke to them nearly every day.
- He went out almost every evening.

 

e) You can use ‘some of’, ‘any of’, or ‘each of’, and a noun group to talk about a number of people or things in a group of people or things.

- Some of the information has already been analysed.
- It was more expensive than any of the other magazines.
- He gave each of us advice about our present goals.

You can use ‘each of’ ad a plural noun group but ‘every’ must be followed by ‘one of’.

- Each of the drawings is different.
- Every one of them is given a financial target.

Note that you can also use ‘each’ with ‘one of’.

- This view of poverty influences each one of us.

 

 

 

 

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Top Tips Abz Ingles: Part A    -    Part B
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See also:

Words related to Failure to Cooperate	Irregular Verbs list
Common Phrasal Verbs	Common Slangs
Common misspellings	Regular vs Irregular Verbs
Common Errors	Frequently confused words
Common Slangs	Lista de Términos Gramaticales
Common Clichés	Common Prepositions

 

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